Scheme Primer Agriculture & Markets ngo-practitioners

PM-KISAN + CM-KISAN — The Stackable Income Floor for Odisha's 51 Lakh Farm Families

Last verified: May 2026 · 7 min read · JaBaSu Knowledge Commons

At a Glance

Parameter	PM-KISAN (Central)	CM-KISAN (State)
Full Name	Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi	Chief Minister Krishi Yojana
Government	Government of India	Government of Odisha (BJP)
Status	Active	Active
Amount	Rs. 6,000/year (3 installments of Rs. 2,000)	Rs. 4,000/year (2 installments of Rs. 2,000)
Target	Small and marginal farmers with land records	Small, marginal, and landless agricultural households
Odisha Beneficiaries	Approximately 44 lakh registered (Odisha)	51 lakh (2nd installment April 2025)
Combined Annual Benefit	Rs. 10,000/year for eligible small/marginal farmers	—
Landless special benefit	Not covered	Rs. 12,500/year (CM-KISAN exclusive)
PM-KISAN Portal	pmkisan.gov.in	cmkisan.odisha.gov.in
PM-KISAN Helpline	155261 / 011-24300606	155333 (Krishi Samriddhi Helpline)
Payment Mode	DBT to Aadhaar-linked bank account	DBT to Aadhaar-linked bank account

Why This Primer Covers Both Schemes Together

PM-KISAN and CM-KISAN are designed by the current Central and State governments to function as a complementary pair — not as alternatives. A small or marginal farmer in Odisha who is registered under PM-KISAN is simultaneously eligible for CM-KISAN, and the two payments arrive in different months to create a more distributed income flow across the agricultural year. The combination produces a total annual income support of Rs. 10,000 — the most significant direct cash transfer available to Odisha's farming households outside MAMATA and Subhadra Yojana.

Understanding both schemes together is essential for any NGO doing agricultural livelihoods work in Odisha.

PM-KISAN — The Central Scheme

What It Provides

PM-KISAN provides Rs. 6,000 per year in three equal installments of Rs. 2,000 each, directly to the Aadhaar-linked bank account of eligible small and marginal farmer families. The installments are released in April–July, August–November, and December–March.

Who Is Eligible

Farmer families with landholding records in their name
Small and marginal farmers (no upper land ceiling — all farmers with land records are eligible unless excluded)
The land must be in the farmer's name in state revenue records

Who is NOT eligible (PM-KISAN exclusions):

Institutional landholders (trusts, cooperatives, etc.)
Farmer families with any member who is a former/current constitutional post holder, government employee, income taxpayer, or professional (doctors, engineers, lawyers, CAs)
Retired pensioners drawing above Rs. 10,000/month (excluding multitasking/Group D employees)
Landless families (they must access CM-KISAN instead)

How PM-KISAN Works

Registration: At Common Service Centres (CSCs), through state government portals, or through the Kisan Corner at bank branches. Existing KALIA/CM-KISAN Odisha registrants may have already been enrolled — check status at pmkisan.gov.in.

eKYC is mandatory (same as CM-KISAN). Without completed eKYC, installments will be held. eKYC can be done at CSCs, through the PM-KISAN mobile app using face authentication, or at bank branches.

Check PM-KISAN status: pmkisan.gov.in → Farmer Corner → Beneficiary Status → Enter Aadhaar/mobile number.

PM-KISAN Progress Nationally and in Odisha

PM-KISAN has transferred over Rs. 3.45 lakh crore to over 9.3 crore farmer families nationally since launch in February 2019. In Odisha, approximately 44 lakh farmers are registered under PM-KISAN. The scheme has faced implementation challenges including duplicate entries, ineligible beneficiaries (government employees who slipped through), and the same eKYC failure problem that affects CM-KISAN.

CM-KISAN — The State Complement

CM-KISAN (Chief Minister Krishi Yojana) is Odisha's state-funded supplement to PM-KISAN — renamed from KALIA Yojana by the current BJP government in September 2024. CM-KISAN provides Rs. 4,000/year to small and marginal farmers (stackable with PM-KISAN) and Rs. 12,500/year to landless agricultural households.

The full CM-KISAN details are covered in the separate JaBaSu scheme primer at jabasu.org/knowledge/schemes/cm-kisan. Key facts for this convergence note:

CM-KISAN installments arrive on Akshaya Tritiya (April-May) and Nuakhai (August) — specifically between the three PM-KISAN installment dates
Landless farmers who receive CM-KISAN Rs. 12,500 do NOT receive PM-KISAN (they are ineligible for PM-KISAN due to no land records)
The Samrudha Krushaka Yojana (paddy procurement at Rs. 3,100/quintal) is a third companion scheme for paddy-growing farmers

The Full Income Support Stack — What an Odisha Farmer Can Access

Farmer Type	PM-KISAN	CM-KISAN	Samrudha Krushaka	Total Annual Direct Support
Small/marginal farmer with land	Rs. 6,000	Rs. 4,000	+ Paddy price guarantee	Rs. 10,000 + paddy premium
Landless agricultural household	—	Rs. 12,500	—	Rs. 12,500
Paddy farmer (any size)	Rs. 6,000	Rs. 4,000	Rs. 3,100/quintal guaranteed	Rs. 10,000 + paddy output

This stacking — Rs. 10,000 in direct cash + paddy price guarantee for growing farmers — is the most significant agricultural income policy architecture Odisha has had. Understanding the full stack helps NGOs guide farming communities to access all three entitlements, not just whichever one they happen to know about.

The Annual Payment Calendar — Why It Matters

The combined PM-KISAN and CM-KISAN payment calendar is deliberately designed to provide income at different points in the agricultural year:

Month	Payment	Amount
April–May	PM-KISAN 1st installment	Rs. 2,000
April–May (Akshaya Tritiya)	CM-KISAN 1st installment	Rs. 2,000
August–November	PM-KISAN 2nd installment	Rs. 2,000
August (Nuakhai)	CM-KISAN 2nd installment	Rs. 2,000
December–March	PM-KISAN 3rd installment	Rs. 2,000
Annual Total		Rs. 10,000

Five payments across the year means a registered small/marginal farmer in Odisha receives Rs. 2,000 roughly every two months — a meaningful income smoothing mechanism during lean agricultural months.

What NGOs Need to Know — the Practical Reality

Many tribal farmers are excluded from PM-KISAN due to land record formalisation gaps. PM-KISAN eligibility requires land in the farmer's name in revenue records. Tribal farmers cultivating podu (shifting cultivation) land, forest land under pending FRA claims, or community land without individual records are excluded — even if they have farmed the same land for generations. This is the single most significant equity gap in both schemes. CM-KISAN's landless agricultural household category covers some of these farmers — but only if they can document agricultural labour, which requires its own documentation.

Duplicate Aadhaar-to-bank account linking between PM-KISAN and CM-KISAN causes payment conflicts. Both schemes make DBT payments to the same Aadhaar-linked bank account. If the bank account Aadhaar seeding is inconsistent between the PM-KISAN portal and the CM-KISAN portal (which can happen when farmers registered under KALIA before it became CM-KISAN), payments from one scheme can fail. NGOs helping farmers resolve payment failures should check both portals independently.

The eKYC update before each installment cycle is essential. Both PM-KISAN and CM-KISAN require eKYC to be completed (or updated if bank details have changed) before each installment cycle. Farmers who miss the eKYC window have their installment held — not cancelled, but withheld until the next cycle. NGOs can add significant value by organising eKYC camps at CSCs before the April-May and August installment windows.

Women farmers are systematically under-registered. While Odisha's CM-KISAN includes women farmers as a priority category, land records in rural Odisha are predominantly in male household head names — meaning women who cultivate land are not independently registered. NGOs working on women's land rights can specifically facilitate women's PM-KISAN and CM-KISAN registration in their own names as a convergent activity.

FPO formation is the highest-leverage next step. A CM-KISAN-registered farming community that forms a Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO) can access much larger collective market linkages — NABARD credit, aggregated paddy procurement under Samrudha Krushaka, collective vegetable marketing, and potentially PM-KISAN eNAM market linkage. The CM-KISAN registration base is effectively a ready list of potential FPO members. NGOs facilitating FPO formation in their operational blocks should start from the CM-KISAN beneficiary list.

How JaBaSu Helps NGOs Connect Their Communities

Dual-scheme registration audits JaBaSu helps partner NGOs verify which farmers in their operational villages are registered under PM-KISAN only, CM-KISAN only, both, or neither — identifying the specific registration gap and facilitation need for each household.

Tribal farmer land documentation for PM-KISAN access For tribal farmers excluded from PM-KISAN due to missing land records, JaBaSu coordinates with revenue department officials and ITDA to recognise podu cultivation histories and generate patta documents — converting de facto farmers into de jure PM-KISAN beneficiaries.

eKYC facilitation camps JaBaSu organises pre-installment eKYC camps — bringing CSC operators, bank correspondents, and Agriculture Department field staff together at a single location in remote villages, enabling farmers to complete eKYC for both schemes in one session before the April and August payment windows.

FPO formation on CM-KISAN base JaBaSu's agriculture sector support specifically uses the CM-KISAN beneficiary database as the foundation for FPO membership lists — facilitating FPO formation, NABARD registration, and market linkage for communities where individual farmer income support needs to graduate into collective market power.

Agriculture Department interface for payment disputes JaBaSu's working relationships with Block Agriculture Officers (PM-KISAN grievance) and the CM-KISAN portal team enable partner NGOs to escalate individual payment failures — including ABPS/NPCI issues, name mismatches, and duplicate registration conflicts — through the formal grievance pathway.