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Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

All published content in this sector: primers, practice notes, and organisation spotlights.

All Social Justice & Tribal Welfare Content

23 published pieces

Scheme Primer Grade A Women Empowerment

PM Jan Dhan Yojana — Every Unbanked Adult's Gateway to the Formal Economy

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Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

The FRA + TRIFED + CAMPA + VB-G RAM G Convergence — Building Community Forest Economies in Odisha

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Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

National Social Assistance Programme — Pensions and Assistance for India's Oldest, Widowed, and Most Disabled

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6 min read Read →
Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Central and State Scholarships for SC/ST Students — Keeping Marginalised Students in School and College

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8 min read Read →
Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

PESA Act — The Constitutional Promise of Tribal Self-Governance That Odisha Has Yet to Fulfil

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Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

PMJUGA — India's Next Tribal Development Frontier After PM-JANMAN

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Scheme Primer Grade A Child Welfare

PMAY-Gramin — A Permanent Home for Every Rural Family Without One

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Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

DDU-GKY and Skilled in Odisha — The Tribal Youth Skill-to-Employment Pipeline

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Scheme Primer Grade A Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

PM-JANMAN — India's Most Ambitious Mission for Its Most Vulnerable Tribal Communities

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Org Spotlight Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

PRIA — The Organisation That Taught India to Ask Who Governs

Participation is one of the most overused words in development. Every government scheme has a "community participation" component. Every project design includes "stakeholder consultation." The word appears so frequently that it has stopped meaning very much.

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Org Spotlight Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

ActionAid India — 15 Million People, 362 Districts, One Rights-Based Argument

In Bhubaneswar in 2024, ActionAid India convened a National Consultation on Tribal Empowerment. Voices from tribal communities across Odisha and neighbouring states filled the room. The consultation laid down an agenda — not ActionAid's agenda, but an agenda that communities them...

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Org Spotlight Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Jan Sahas — People's Courage Against India's Most Invisible Violence

There is a form of labour in India that is technically illegal but practically ubiquitous — work performed in exchange for debt, under threat, without the possibility of refusal. Bonded labour. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act was passed in 1976. Fifty years later, the go...

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Org Spotlight Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

CYSD — The Organisation That Odisha's Civil Society Calls When It Needs to Know Something

In 1982, a group of young people in Bhubaneswar founded CYSD — the Centre for Youth and Social Development — on a relatively simple premise: that the poverty and marginalisation of Odisha's tribal communities was not a problem to be managed from outside but a problem to be unders...

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Org Spotlight Grade D Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Vasundhara — The Organisation That Has Done More for Forest Rights in Odisha Than Any Other

Pramila Pradhan, 51, is the treasurer of Kodalpalli's forest protection committee in Nayagarh district. For forty years, her community has patrolled their forest in rotating shifts under the thengapalli system — the-nga means stick, palli means rotation, and the stick passes from...

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act — Supporting Survivors Through the Justice System

The law is strong in intention and structurally compromised in practice. Working with this reality — not pretending the justice system functions well while helping survivors navigate it as it actually is — is the NGO's most honest and most useful posture.

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

PESA Implementation — What Gram Sabhas Can Actually Do

PESA — the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 — extends the constitutional framework of panchayati raj to India's Fifth Schedule tribal areas with critical modifications that give gram sabhas powers that gram sabhas in non-tribal areas do not hold.

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Mining Displacement in Odisha — Rights, Rehabilitation, and What NGOs Can Do

Odisha is India's most mineral-rich state. It holds 34% of India's iron ore reserves, 24% of coal reserves, the world's largest deposits of chrome ore, significant bauxite reserves in the Eastern Ghats (the traditional territory of the Dongria Kondh, Kutia Kondh, and other PVTG c...

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

FRA Habitat Rights for PVTGs — Odisha's Landmark Achievement and the Work Ahead

This is a genuine achievement by the Odisha government and a landmark moment for PVTG rights in India. It is also, as the Indispend investigation published in November 2024 found, a moment whose significance "is yet to reach many members of the community." The Mankidia elder Souv...

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Practice Note Grade C Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Disability Inclusion in PVTG Communities — Designing from Scratch

Persons with disabilities in PVTG communities in Odisha face exclusion operating at multiple levels simultaneously:

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Community-Based GBV Response in Remote Tribal Contexts

Before designing a response, understand the landscape. In Odisha, the official crime rate against women stands at 103.3 per 100,000 — above the national average of 66.4. NFHS-5 data shows 29.3% of married women in Odisha have experienced spousal violence. During COVID-19 lockdown...

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Entitlements Mapping — Helping Tribal Communities Access What They Are Owed

A 2023 Health Economics study of Odisha's Mamata conditional cash transfer scheme found that the poorest households — those in the bottom wealth quintile — were significantly less likely to receive benefits than wealthier eligible women. The programme reduced child wasting by 7 p...

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Practice Note Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Community Forest Rights — From Title to Livelihood

Before you can support a gram sabha to use its CFR rights, everyone involved needs to understand what those rights actually include. In practice, many FRC (Forest Rights Committee) members and gram sabha members receive their title without clearly understanding its contents — par...

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Sector Primer Grade B Social Justice & Tribal Welfare

Social Justice & Tribal Welfare in Odisha: The Rights That Exist on Paper and the Distance to the Ground

In Kodalpalli village in Nayagarh district, women have been taking turns patrolling the forest since before their grandmothers were born. The system is called thengapalli — thenga means stick, palli means rotation. Every day, a different group of women walks the perimeter. Illega...

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